• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1441464 Ship loading ramp MACGREGOR-COMARAIN SA 28 June 1973 [28 June 1972 29 May 1973] 30829/73 Heading B8E [Also in Division B7] A two or more section loading ramp 4a-4c of a ferry or like ship 1 is pivoted thereto at 6 and has its parts pivoted together at 5, 5<SP>1</SP>. It is raised from the extended operative position, Fig. 1, to close the cargo port 30 by cables 8 passing over pulleys 12 on king posts 13, 13<SP>1</SP> to winches 10, 10<SP>1</SP>. Handling cables 15, 151 pass from fixed points 14a, 14b on the innermost section 4a over pulleys 14, 14<SP>1</SP> and auxiliary pulleys 19, 19<SP>1</SP> on outriggers 23, 231 of the intermediate section 4b to fixed points 18, 18<SP>1</SP> on the king posts 13, 13<SP>1</SP> with an interposed tightening device 17, 17<SP>1</SP>. In the raised position the cables 15, 15<SP>1</SP> allow the sections 4b, 4c to fold down behind the section 4a, Fig. 3, in which position the ramp is held, by a locking arrangement 42, against buffers 41. To lower the ramp movement is initiated by a ram 24, Fig. 3, and continues under gravity the sections 4a-4c moving together until the cables 15, 15<SP>1</SP> tighten to straighten the sections before they contact the quay. Other forms of attachment for the cables 15, 151 on the ship are described including counterweights, hydraulic or spring actuated rams and constant tension winches. In a modified construction, Fig. 17, a counterweight 31 is employed which moves from A1-A2 as the folded ramp moves initially from B1-B2 and then engages a stop 34 so that the cables 15, 15<SP>1</SP> are tensioned to extend the section 4b until a position B3 or B4 is reached according to the relative height of the quay 2 in which position the weight 31 in position A3 or A4 counterweight the outer sections. Detectors 21, 22, Fig. 15 may be provided to detect alteration in the inclination of the sections 4a, 4b and so to operate the winches 10, 10<SP>1</SP> as to restore the position and to prevent excessive pressure on the quay 2. Where a third ramp section 4c is provided pivoted at 5<SP>1</SP> to the intermediate section 4b its extension may be effected and controlled by a ram 26, Fig. 3, or the handling cables may be extended from a pulley 25, Fig. 15, on the intermediate section 4b to be fixed to the outer section 4c at 20 so that tightening of the cables 15, 15<SP>1</SP> also extends the outer section 4c.
    公开号:SU1207392A3
    申请号:SU731937503
    申请日:1973-06-27
    公开日:1986-01-23
    发明作者:Кюммерман Анри
    申请人:Мак-Грегор-Комарэн С.А.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    which are made match); cargo ballasts.
    3. The ramp according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic tension control node assembly of the cables contains winches with brakes mounted on the support mast
    4 ,, The ramp according to claim 1, about which the automatic knot on the control cable seals contains a pair of power cylinders with pistons, and a cylinder T, which is supplied to their free ends with blocks, prtl this is the spring of each ,, dz. The cylinders are mounted on the shaft mounted for movement in the cylinder and fastened with a pull, and the control cables are inserted through the blocks at the free ends of the tube and attached to the support mast with their ends.
     5. The ramp according to claim 1, wherein the node is; The automatic tensioning of control cables contains hydraulic, power cylinders with pistons and rods, having blocks at their free ends, through which control cables are attached, attached at their ends to the support mast.
    6.Apparel on PP. 1-5, that is, that the console protrusions are made at the end of the second, intermediate, section on both its sides adjacent to the end of the first, leading, and the second, intermediate, section is provided with mounted on its cantilever projections, ballasts-counterweights, while the cantilever protrusions are made matching with the upper wall of the first, leading, section.
    7.Apparel on PP. 1-6, which is equipped with the first, leading section fitted with mounted under it, complete the Punit 1I with guide blocks, placed
    on both sides of it, and the main guide blocks of the first lead, sec1 are located in two groups behind additional guide blocks and are displaced from the latter towards the second, intermediate, with the running cable at one end wound on one lifting winch, stocked successively through auxiliary guide blocks that supply 207392
    the wife of the support mast, through one group of the main guide blocks of the first, leading, seckhschi and forms the first tackle, then it is passed successively through additional guide blocks, rounds them from the sides under the first, leading, sectionsd, stocked sequentially through the second group of main directions blocks and other auxiliary blocks, which is equipped with a support mast, and forms the second hoist, with the other end it is wound to another lifting winch.
    8.Apparel on PP. 1-5, that is, the main guide pulleys are mounted on cantilever projections made
    at the end of the first, leading, section adjacent the sec. end of the second, intermediate, section, and the additional guide pulley is mounted on the second, intermediate, section, with each control cable stocked successively through the main and additional guide pulleys to form a chain hoop, and is attached by its root end to the upper part of the third, extreme, section, and the cantilever protrusions are made matching with the upper wall of the intermediate section.
    9.Apparel on PP. 1-6, characterized in that the main guide pulleys are mounted
    on cantilever protrusions made at the end of the intermediate section adjacent to the ends of the first, leading section, and the additional guide pulley is mounted on the first, leading section, with each control drive; the cable is stored sequentially through the main and additional guide pulleys, the image of a tackle, and its root end attached to the first, leading, seconds.
    10. Ramp for PP. 1-9, that is, that the fixing unit of the working position of the first, leading, and second, intermediate, sections one relative to another contains a power hydraulic cylinder;: ф with the stem, hinged at its end by means of the horizontal axis at the end of the first, leading, section adjacent to the end of the second, intermediate, section, while the stem of this power hydraulic
    the cylinder is provided with a head fixed at its free end with at least one pin located perpendicular to the axis of the rod, the first, leading section is equipped with hardened in its upper part at the end adjacent to the second, intermediate, section, guide plates that are filled with a slot mi, in which the ends of the trunnion are placed, and the second, intermediate, section is made at the end adjacent to the end of the first, leading, section, with saddle-shaped supports mated to the trunnion, the latter being equipped with a blocking unit for its working position on the saddle stops, and the hydraulic power cylinder is equipped with its control system.
    11. The ramp according to claim 10, which means that the blocking position of the working position on the stop of the trunnions of the power hydraulic cylinder shaft is hinged by means of a horizontal axis on the end of the second, intermediate section, adjacent to the end of the first, leading, section , cut-out plug, crank, kinematically connected to the fork and mounted to be rotated on the same axis with this fork, as well as an auxiliary power cylinder with its laziness system, hinged at its end through the horizontal axis to the adjacent th second end, an intermediate section and kinematically
    The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular to ship fittings.
    A ship ramp is known, comprising three sections that are hinged to each other with their adjacent ends, the first of which, leading, is hingedly connected to the ship's hull via a horizontal axis, and the second, intermediate, section of the first section joining the lower wall; sections around horizontal
    07392
    connected to the crank, the walls of the cutout in the plug are mated to the trunnion, the plug is equipped with a finger fixed on it and the end electric switches for locking and unlocking its working position on the trunnion, mounted on the adjacent end of the second, intermediate section and matching with The fork fork is fitted, and the head of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with an electric sensor controlling the working position of the stem journal in the saddle-shaped stops, mounted on. They are also tied at the adjacent end of the second, intermediate section, with the electric locking and unlocking switches and the electric sensor control being connected to the control systems of the auxiliary power cylinder of the locking unit and, accordingly, the hydraulic cylinder of the fixing unit of the first and second sections.
    12. Ramp for PP. 1-11, which means that the lead section is provided with at least one power cylinder of its initial displacement and a group of fixed stops mounted on the hull of the vessel and mated with the lead section.
    Priority points:
    06.28.72 on PP. 1-10; 05/29/73 in paragraphs 11 and 12.
    axles, including at least one lifting winch mounted on the hull opposite the support mast with running ropes connected to it through the main
    guide blocks with the first section, as well as a pivot unit around the horizontal axis of the second intermediate section relative to the first lead section, including control cables stored on the main guide pulleys mounted on the cantilever projections of one of the mentioned3
    the first two sections and displaced with respect to the axis of the hinge connection of the ends of these sections lj.
    A disadvantage of the known ramp is its low reliability in operation.
    The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the ship's ramp in operation and reduce energy costs.
    The goal is achieved by the fact that the ship's ramp, containing three pivotally connected adjacent ends of the section, the first of which, the leader, is pivotally connected to the ship's hull via the horizontal axis, and the second, intermediate section is made mating with the lower wall of the first section, turning node the first, leading, section around the horizontal axis, including at least one winch mounted on the hull opposite the mast, a lifting winch with running cables connected to it through the main The first blocks with the first, leading section, as well as the pivot knot around the horizontal axis of the second intermediate section relative to the first, leading section, include the 1st control link — Its cables stored on the main guide igkiva installed on the console ledges of one of these of the first two sections and displaced relative to the axis of the hinged connection of the ends of these sections, equipped with an automatic tensioning unit of the control cables of the pivot unit around the horizontal axis of the second, intermediate, section relative to the first, leading, s Ktsii, mounted on the hull behind a lifting winch, kinematically associated with the running ends of the control cables and including locking elements of the stroke of the ends of the control cables, one of the two sections is equipped with at least one additional guide mounted on it the pulley, and the control cables are stored successively through the main guide pulleys and the additional guide pulley of the cantilever projections of one section and, accordingly, another section adjacent to it, in accordance with these mi and additional pulleys poly073924
    the first, leading, and second, intermediate, 5 sections are provided with a fixing unit for their working position, one is one with the other.
    The automatic tensioning unit of control cables contains loads of 10 b; 1 layers attached to the corresponding running ends of the second, intermediate, turn reversing control cables relative to the first, leading section, and the stopping elements of the travel of the running ends of the control cables are in the form of stops mounted on the support mast, with which are matched weights-ballasts.
    20 The unit automates the tension of the control cables containing winches with brakes mounted on the support mast.
    Automatic tensioning unit
    The 25 control cables contain spring power cylinders with pistons and rods fitted with blocks fixed at their free ends, the spring of each of these power cylinders being coupled to a piston mounted for movement in the cylinder and fastened with a pull, and the control cables are wound through the blocks at the free ends of t g and attached to their ends to the supports5
    Noi mast
    The automatic tensioning unit of the said control cables has hydraulic power cylinders with pistons and rods, which have blocks at their free ends, through which control lines are driven, and that cables attached to their ends to the support mast.
    The cantilever protrusions are made at the end of the second, intermediate, section on both its sides, conjugated with the end of the first, leading, section, and the second, intermediate, section is equipped with i-fl-i ballasts mounted on its cantilever projections, while the cantilever the protrusions are made matching with the upper wall of the first, leading, section.
    The first, leading, section is equipped with additional guide blocks mounted under it, located on both its sides.
    and the main guide blocks of the first, leading sections are located in two groups behind additional guide blocks and are displaced from the latter towards the second, intermediate, section, with the running cable at one end wound up on one lifting winch, stocked successively through one auxiliary guides blocks, which are equipped with a support mast, through one group of main guide blocks of the first lead, section and form the first hoist, then it is passed through successively through additional guide blocks, it goes around them from the sides under the first lead, section, sequentially through the second group of main guide blocks and other auxiliary blocks with which the support mast is equipped, and forms the second pulley, with the other end wound to another lifting winch.
    The main guide pulleys are mounted on cantilever protrusions made at the end of the first, leading, section adjacent to the end of the second, intermediate, section, and the additional guide pulley is mounted on the second, intermediate, section, with each control cable being stockpiled sequentially through the main and additional guide pulleys, to form a tackle, and is attached by its root end to the upper part of the third, extreme, section, and the cantilever protrusions are made matching with the upper wall of the intermediate section.
    The main guide pulleys are mounted on cantilever protrusions, made at the end of the intermediate section adjacent to the end of the first, leading section, and the additional guide pulley is mounted on the first leading section, each control cable being stocked sequentially through the main and additional guides pulleys, a polyspast, and its root end is attached to the first, leading, section
    The fixing unit of the working position of the first, leading, and second, intermediate sections, one relative to the other, contains a hydraulic power cylinder with a rod, hinged at its end by means of
    g 10 15 20
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    the horizontal axis at the end of the first, leading, section adjacent to the end of the second, intermediate, section, while the stem of the hydraulic power cylinder is provided with a head fixed at its free end, at least one trunnion, perpendicular to the stem axis, , leading, section is provided with reinforced in its upper part at the end adjacent to the second, intermediate, section, guide plates made with slots in which the ends of the trunnion are placed, and the second, intermediate, section is made at the end adjacent to the end The first, leading, section, with saddle-like stops, coupled with the trunnion, the latter is equipped with a blocking unit of its working position on the saddle-shaped stops, and the hydraulic power cylinder is equipped with a control system.
    The working position locking unit on the stops of the pins of the power hydraulic cylinder shaft is hinged by a horizontal axis at the end of the second, intermediate, section adjacent to the end of the first, leading, section, fork with a cutout, crank, kinematically connected to the fork and pivotally mounted on the same axis with this fork, as well as an auxiliary power cylinder with its control system, hinged at its end through the horizontal axis on the adjacent end of the second, intermediate, kinematically connected with the crank, with the cut-out walls in the plug matched with the trunnion, the fork is provided with a finger fixed on it and the end electric switches for locking and unlocking its working position on the trunnion mounted on the adjacent end of the second, intermediate section and matching with the fork pin, and the head of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with an electric sensor controlling the working position of the stem journal in the saddle-shaped supports, also mounted on the adjacent end of the vehicle oy, intermediate, section, and the end of the electric-switches to lock and unlock and electric dates71207392
    The control unit is electrically connected to the control systems of the fire power circuit 1: the locking index and, accordingly, the LM hydraulic cylinder 5 for fixing the first and second seconds
    In addition, the leading section is equipped with at least one silo-cylinder of its initial movement and a group of stationary stops, wired on the hull of the vessel, connected with the leading section.
    on or on the fig and on the back of the figure; on the back of the fig. on the floor and on the floor of the nose.
    FIG. 1 shows a ramp, a general view of the axonometric projection of the first embodiment, the ramp (ramp is installed in the stern of the vessel, longitudinally otchvariannogo direction, AH, ala, and shown in its lowered and unfolded working position in which its longitudinal axis is an acute angle The general longitudinal axis of the vessel, which runs in the direction of its stern section in Fig. 2, is the same, top view, in Fig. 3, the apparatus is in different positions, side view (respectively, in the raised and folded laying position, in the intermediate section Position when moving, in a partially lowered and unfolded state and in two positions, when the ladder is lowered and deployed in the working position for cases when the access surface of the vessel is located below and above, respectively, than the surface of the pier) j in figure 4 ramp, Partial side view of the upper right part with an embodiment of the automatic tensioning unit of control cables for turning the sections of the ramp relative to each other, Fig. 5 - the same, the second embodiment of the specified node; in fig. 6 is the same, the third embodiment of the said node; in FIG. 7 - the same, the fourth embodiment of the specified node; in fig. 8 — node I in FIG. 3 (partial side view of the part of the ramp adjacent to the berth, in the working position in Fig. 9, the ramp, an axonometric projection of the second embodiment in Fig. 10 - the same device in the raised folded non-working position; side view; Fig. 11 - ta the ramp, but in the lowered state, when the level of the access surface
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    the vessel is approximately the same or slightly higher than the berth level; in fig. 12 — node II in FIG. 11, in FIG. 13 - the same variant of annapejra in the lowered state and provided that the surface of access to the vessel is located above the surface of the pier; in fig. 14 — node III in FIG. 13, in FIG. 15 - the same ramp, provided that the level of the surface of access to the vessel is located below the surface of the pier; in fig. 16 — node IV in FIG. 15; in fig. 17 - the same apparatus in different successive positions, respectively extreme and intermediate, with different phases of its installation, provided that the access surface on the vessel is located lower and higher than the surface of the pier, side view; in fig. 18 — node V in FIG. 3 (ramp, side view with partial tearing out of its section located close to the hinged connection of the sections of the ramp, respectively, the outermost and intermediate, in a partially folded position at an angle protruding upwards, with the fixing unit of the working position of these sections in the retracted inactive position); in fig. 19 - the node VI in FIG. 3 (ramp, side view of a portion in the vicinity of the hinge joint of the extreme and intermediate sections in a relatively lowered unfolded operating position and with a section fixation unit in the active extended position), FIG. 20 - the same, top view.
    The spire is installed in the aft end of the vessel 1, which is moored near berth 2, for example along it, so that the longitudinal axis 0-Of the vessel is approximately parallel to the extreme edge of the berth. The ramp, with which the stern tip is equipped, is movable, intended for entry and consists of three sequential sections 3-5, respectively the first extreme leading 3, the second central or intermediate 4 and the third extreme posterior or outer 5, hingedly connected to each other. the other in the longitudinal direction is the yush; their extension is approximately in one line with the working position of the ramp lowered and unfolded.
    using hinged joints 6 and 7. The outermost third section 5 has the shape of a sole or similar support plate, which serves to support the ramp to berth 2 and automatically mates with the surface of the berth regardless of the relative inclination of the second intermediate section 4. To facilitate passage along the ramp, the third the outer section 5 is made by a known method more broadened to its free end than the adjacent intermediate section 4. The extreme first leading section 3 is expanded in a known manner to its the front or inner end, which is pivotally connected by means of axis 8 with the vessel 1.
    The extreme inner first section 3 is fenced on both sides by two spars 9. The extreme inner first section 3 is attached at its outer end or close to its swivel 6 with intermediate second section 4 to one running cable 10, wound on the winch 1 1 with the engine - t-el 12, located on the ship. At least two running cables 10 are provided, attached at points a to the side members 9 of section 3 and wound on two corresponding running winches 11, which are mounted on the raised side, for example, on the upper deck 13 of the vessel. Each running cable 10, going out of its winch 11 with the engine, first passes through at least one auxiliary guide block 14, which is raised by mounting, for example, on a superstructure such as a short support mast or a corresponding column 15 (at the foot of which are winches 11), and then at least one main guide block 16 mounted on the side members 9 of section 3 of the ramp. In order to reduce the force or power of the cable gi onto the running cables 10, it is advisable to form a corresponding pulley or similar device from each running cable, in which the cable 10 connects section 3 with the corresponding short support mast 15, thus passing successively through several auxiliary guide blocks 14, installed in
    20739210
    one and the same cage, which is fixed on the corresponding short support mast 15, and then through several main guide blocks 16, also installed in a common cage, fixed on the corresponding spar 9, Each running cable 10 has thus several strands between ship and ramp.
    10 In order to balance the stresses in the various strands of the cables 10, in practice they use only one cable, one end of which is the exit from one winch 11 and pass through
    15 blocks 14 and 16 of the polyspasts, passes by branch 17 successively on additional guide blocks 18 placed under section 3 of the ramp, respectively, at the output of block 16
    20 and at the entrance of another block 16 of the polyspast, then on this last and on its block 14. The other end of this cable 10 goes to another winch 11.
    25 In a known manner, the second intermediate section 4 can be folded down towards and along the outermost leading section 3. On this intermediate section 4 are attached
    3Q at one point; preferably at two points, the main guide pulleys 19 located, for example, on the sides of each side of this section 4 on the longitudinal opposite edges. One main one, preferably two control cables 20 of the turn-up node about the horizontal axis of the first and second sections 3 and 4 relative to each other, each passing through one or two guide blocks 21, which are raised and fastened, are guided through the main guides 19. respectively, on a short support mast or column 15. The control cable 20 is then attached by means of a lanyard 22 or similar tension mechanism to a fixed support 23 fixed, for example, on a short support mast 15.
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    In a known manner, the second intermediate section 4 is continued beyond the place of its swivel 6 with the extreme inner section 3 due to the cantilever protrusion 24, longitudinally fixed, fixedly mounted on section 4 and carrying at its free end at least
    eleven
    At least one main guide pulley 19 for each control cable 20 of the turning unit of sections 3 and 4. There are two such cantilever protrusions — arms 24. formed by extensions of the corresponding longitudinal edges of the intermediate section 4 outwardly outward in the lateral direction beyond the hinge joint 6, which form the outer ends of the running bridges resting on the spars 9 of the innermost section 3; The cantilever projections - the shoulders 24 are arranged in such a way that the outermost inner section 3 is located in an extension each of the cantilever shoulder sections 24 carries at least one main guide pulley 19 for control cable 20 of the reversal unit of sections 3 and 4, the control cable 20 passing through this pulley 19 sequentially, and then through an additional loosely fitted guide pulley 25 fixed on the extreme inner section 3 at the level of the corresponding main pulley 19. The control cable 20 is fastened with the root end to the fixed support 26 on the longitudinal spar inner 3. At each console On the flap - shoulder 24 there are several main loosely fitted guide pulleys 19 5 installed in the same yoke, and on the extreme inner section 3 on each side there are several additional loosely fitted guide hulls 25, also installed in the common yoke, as a result, a lowering pulley is formed between each cantilever protrusion — the shoulder 24 and the extreme inner c-section 3.
    A power cylinder 27 with compressed liquid or gas (hydra) (zlichny or pneumatic), preferably of a linear type with a cylinder and a piston, is installed between the intermediate section 4 and the outermost outer section 5. The power cylinder 27 is pivotally connected, for example, through the cover of a free body the end of section 4 and, through its piston rod, with the extreme part forming the fifth section 5, KOTopah is located under section 4 (Fig. 3). This power Chi 07392 2
    the linder serves as the / -out of lifting the outermost section 5. and is remotely controlled. In this case, section 5 lies with its entire supporting surface s on berth 2, connecting the running surface of intermediate section 4 with the surface of the berth and distributing the load in the same way.
    This makes it possible to avoid jamming, indentation.
    ten
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    one)
    Two power cylinders 27 (Fig. 2) are provided, which are installed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median vertical plane of the ramp, respectively, on the lateral edges of the outermost section of the ramp 5. Independent segment flaps 28, pivotally connected to the extreme transverse edge of section 5 and located one after the other across section 5, are used to support pier 2. They facilitate access to the ramp due to its wedge-shaped profile. In the same way, a series of similar flaps 29 are hinged on the transverse extreme inner edge of section 3 of the ramp in order to facilitate access to the twin-deck 30 of the vessel when overcoming the cargo hatch 31 in the vessel wall.
    The pulling reactions to the place of attachment of each control cable 20 of the turning unit of section 3 and 4 to the short support mast 15 can be obtained in various ways. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 3, this reaction is carried out by a fixed support 23 for fastening each cable 20 to the upper part of its short support tower 15. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, each control cable 20, after passing through the first guide block 21, located at the free end of the boom of the short support mast 15, passes through the second guide block 32 fixed at the opposite end of this boom, and then goes down along the short support mast and ends a moving load — ballast 33 or a similar heavy element mounted, for example, on the running rollers 34 in order to move by rolling along the corresponding channel guide 35, inclined from top to bottom, moving away from the ramp in The pressure lowering. Quality way13
    Neither in the guide 35 has at its upper end a fixed stop 36 of the locking element limiting the working stroke (lifting) of the load-ballast 33.
    In the embodiment of FIG. 5, each control cable 20, after passing along guide block 32, passes to guide block 37, which is mounted on the piston rod of a linear power cylinder 38 of a tension node with a fluid or pressurized gas, for example, hydraulic, mounted on a short support mast 15, while the strand of each control cable 20, after changing direction, is attached to the support point 39 of the corresponding short support tower. Each power cylinder 38 thus allows, if necessary, changing, simultaneously or synchronously, the tension of the cable 20 by adjusting the pressure of the compressed working fluid or gas at the entrance to the power cylinder. 38
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the pressurized or gas-filled power cylinder is replaced by a spring-loaded power cylinder 40 or a similar device mounted on a corresponding short support mast 15. The power cylinder consists of a cylinder containing at least one spring, for example a helical spring, with the end of which the sliding spring interacts. a piston, coaxially bonded to the pull bearing 37 at its free external end. It is possible to replace the coil spring with a compressed liquid or gas, preferably nitrogen.
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, each cable 20, passing through the guide block 21, is pushed onto the winch 41, driven by the engine, preferably with a constant tension and fixed to the short mast 15. The winch control can be hydraulic or electric.
    The power cylinders 38 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, or the winches 41 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, allows the tension of the cables 20 to be selectively varied in the unfolded and lowered working position of the ramp with that.
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    20
    0739214
    in order to raise the intermediate section 4 in order to reduce, if necessary, the reference pressure exerted on the pier 2 by the outermost element of the ladder 5. Another means allowing to obtain the same discharge effect is in the installation. on each cantilever ledge - shoulder 24 intermediate section 4 ballas-. This counterweight 42 or similar weight element, which can vary if necessary (a variant in FIG. 8), it is advisable to place the ballast counterweight at the end of the cantilever projection — shoulder 24. Each counterweight ballast 42 thus has a tilting effect on an intermediate section 4 around its pivot axis 6 in the direction of lifting of said element. Instead of the ballast counterweight 42, you can also install or load the design of cantilever protrusions with ballast.
    five
    It is advisable to keep the innermost section 3 by means of automatic adjustment at a distance from the berth in the lowered
    working position of the ramp so that it does not directly come into contact with the pier. Each drive winch 11 is hereby driven through a system of these control means, which are formed,
     For example, a probe 43 (Figs. 2, 3 and 8) fixed on the intermediate section 4, in particular under it, on its inner end, which is intended to support the surface of the salt 2, preferably near the edge of the berth, in order to detect all any relative change in position in height or level difference between vessel 1 and berth, which may be caused by the draft of the vessel. Such a probe 43 can be formed, for example, by a normally closed limit switch with contacts that can control the simultaneous or synchronous operation of the respective motors of the winches 11, affecting, for example, electropneumatic or electromagnetic
    5 valve when using engines on compressed liquid or gas, such as hydraulic or pneumatic engines, or on contact
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    electric relay when electric motors are applied.
    It is advisable to use in the system of means for automatically adjusting the relative angular position of the sections of the ramp, respectively the innermost 3 and intermediate 4, to keep it approximately at the same level or with the optimum slope in the lowered and unfolded working position of the ladder, while each winch 1 1 is driven action through the system of these means of regulation. The latter are formed, for example, by at least one probe or similar sensor 44j mounted on one of the two adjacent sections 3 and 4, preferably near the hinge 6 sections, and capable of entering into contact with said second section in order to measure the angle between these sections, particular when lifting the vessel up. The sensor 44 is mounted on a cantilever protrusion — the shoulder 24 of the intermediate section 4 between this section and the spar 9 of the innermost section 3. This sensor can, like the probe 43, be an electric end switch or. equivalent position sensor.
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1-8, each of said cantilever shoulder protrusion 24 is a continuation of the corresponding side edge of intermediate section 4, but in general, each cantilevered protrusion shoulder can serve as a continuation of any of the two sections of the ramp, respectively the extreme inner section 3 and intermediate 4, stretched aligning beyond the common pivot between the adjacent ends of these sections 3 and 4 towards another section, which in this case has an additional guide pulley or tackle for control cable 20 of the sections turning section each other relative to each other, while the free end of the corresponding tseg of the cantilever shoulder projection carries at least one main guide pulley or pulley for the same cable.
    FIGS. 9-17 depict another embodiment of the invention in which the relative position is greater than
    207392
    Zank cantilever protrusions of the shoulders and pulleys or tackles is reversed. The inner extreme section 2 extends beyond its J swivel 6 with intermediate section 4 with at least one cantilever longitudinal protrusion-shoulder fixed to it, and preferably two such arms 2 1 45 extending approximately parallel to the overall longitudinal direction of the ramp, Being a continuation of the lounge; of erons 9, on both sides of the intermediate section 4, it is advisable to divert them to the sides in the transverse
    SO
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    directed outward so that they
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    0
    were removed to the side of intermediate section 4 and somewhat elevated in relation to it. Each console-ledge-shoulder 45 carries one or each main guide pulley 19 or a pulley for control cable 20 of the section pivoting unit relative to each other, while the intermediate section 4 carries at one intermediate point - at least one additional guide pulley 25 or pulley for each control to dego cable 20, coming out of each main guide and cable 19 or pulley.
    Each running cable 10 for a ramp in this case is connected, for example, through a pulley at point a to the innermost section 3 in the area of the hinged joint 6 or to the outer end of this section 3. On each short mast 15, the free running end of each cable 20 ends with a load - ballast 46 or similar element. Each short mast 15 has a fixed stop 47 of the end of the vertical upward movement of the load-ballast 46.
    Each control cable 20 by relative unfolding of sections is advisable to be attached at the end, the shear distance from the corresponding pulley 25 of the polyspast, and after passing through the other additional direction of your unit 48 (Fig. 10, 11, 13 and 15) - to the outer outer section 5 at a point 49 located on the outer side behind the hinged connection 7 of this outermost section 5 with an intermediate section 4. The cables 20 also serve to automatically lift the outermost section 5 so that it completely lays down its entire body
    its supporting surface on berth 2 in such a way as to properly connect the running surface of the intermediate section 4 with the surface of the berth and distribute the load evenly on this latter in order to avoid indentation or a similar phenomenon. This arrangement can also be applied to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-8, together with the power cylinders 27j, in this case that each guide block 48 for each control cable with respect to the deployment of sections 3 and 4 is preferably located approximately at the level of swivel 6 between the innermost section 3 and the intermediate section 4, for example coaxial to this joint, for guiding the cable 20 from the guide pulley 25 or the pulley to the attachment point 49 on the outermost section 5.
    Pushing means, such as one or more linear actuators 50, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, with cylinder and piston attached to vessel 1, are able to freely press against the innermost section 3 of the ramp in the fully raised position of this section (Fig. 3) and are intended for its initial tilting down under the action of gravity and, if possible, for its braking at the end of the stroke when lifting, when it (section 3) can come into contact with the fixed stops 51 of the inactive position, forming and the wood or rubber limit stops or buffers, provided on the vessel. Alternatively, these pushing power cylinders 50 can themselves play the role of similar stops. Each power cylinder 50, apart from installing it on vessel 1, can be mounted on the outer section 3 of the ramp so that it can freely rest on the fixed part of the ship's structure. the beginning of the tilting movement of the ramp down or at the end of the last lift,
    The extreme inner section 3 expands in region S to its inner end, preferably from the side of an obtuse angle formed by its own longitudinal direction 207392 8
    with the longitudinal direction of the vessel, in the case when the ramp is located at the end, for example, at the stern of the vessel, in order to facilitate access 5 to this vessel.
    A stowage device or locking device 52 is provided on the vessel for blocking or fixing the ramp in an inactive stowed position, t, e,
    to folded and raised (figs 3-7), each blocking or locking device 52 serves to communicate, preferably with an intermediate section 4 of the apariel, folded down
    ) 5 to the extreme inner section 3, which abuts against the stops 51, after passing through the last one. Each locking device 52 can be with manual or automatic
    20, for example from a hydraulic ram, and consist of a latch or hook hooked onto a bracket or a similar protrusion fixed to the intermediate section 4,
    25 exerting a thrust effect, tending to press the ramp against its stops (buffers) 51, Instead of being placed on the vessel, each locking device 52 can also
    3Q be located on the ramp for
    connections with a mating fixed engagement member mounted on the vessel.
    The means of automatic adjustment serve to change, if necessary, the support reaction of the ramp to the platform or berth 2, with each of the mentioned means of transferring the load, such as hydraulic power cylinders 38 or constant tension winches 41, driven by the following system of these means ) ovani. These control means are formed, for example, by a probe or a pressure sensor mounted on a ramp at its outer end in order to move about berth 2 in the working position in order to measure the reference response to the indicated position.
    50 berth
    Each probe 43 (figs, 10-16) is fixed on the extreme inner sec. 3, in particular, under it at its outer end, while the dat55 44 is fixed on the intermediate section 4 between this section and the cantilever projection - shoulder 45 of the innermost section 3,
    35
    40
    45
    Each side spar 9 (fig. 18-20), drawn along the longitudinal strut) of the innermost section 3 of the ramp to its outer end or the end of the hinge: 6, but not beyond this end, bears the hydraulic power cy- Indr 53 the fixing unit of the leading and intermediate sections, preferably in linear direction in the forward direction with the cylinder and the piston, its body 54 is pivotally connected by a hinge through, for example, a horizontal pin, located across the longitudinal direction of the ramp, polar bracket 55 or the like mounted on top of the side member 9 near its outer end.
    The movable piston rod 56 of the power cylinder 53, therefore, is located on the side of the hinge 6 between the adjacent sections 3 and 4 of the ramp and carries at its free end a pushing head 57, on which there is at least one axle 58 or a similar element projecting in the lateral direction, preferably two sided protruding pins 58, which are hedgehog against each other in the transverse direction and located coaxially on the axis,. They are located on each side of the movable head 57 and extend approximately horizontally across the longitudinal direction of the ramp, therefore, perpendicular to the axis of the rod 56 and parallel to the geometric axis of the hinge 6, the relative position of the power cylinder 53 can be replaced with the opposite one, so that the rod the piston has been pivotally connected through a pivot pin 59 with. bracket 55, and so that the push head 57 of the cylinder, ra 53 is located on its extreme free surface,
    Means of two-sided forced guiding are provided for the movable pushing head 57 of the power cylinder 53 and are formed by each of the trunnions 58, which are of sufficient length to enter the fixed guide formed by the fixed vertical guide plates 60 fixed on the upper part 0739220
    rock 9 and stretched in the longitudinal direction of the latter to reach the vice protrusion beyond the outer end of the extreme inner section of the ramp,
    5 i.e. from the side of the hinge 6. The guide plates 60 are made with slots 61 in the form of elongated grooves (Fig. 18), in which the pivots 58 are loosely inserted. The guide slot 61 has a curved shape, the middle longitudinal line of which has the shape of an arc concentric circles around a geometrical axis of a swivel 6
    : 5 between the two sections of the ramp, respectively, the innermost 3 and intermediate 4. Along the length, each guide slot 61 is bent enough to ensure the working movement of the movable head 57 for all relative angular positions of the self-braking of both sections of the ramp in the unfolded and lowered working position Both are parallel to each other; their plates 60 thus support a constantly free end of the power cylinder 53 in all its positions, without causing self-braking.
    0
    The adjacent intermediate section 4 of the ramp is provided on each longitudinal side with a spar 62 or a similar element to which a longitudinal cantilever arm 24 can be connected, extended beyond the hinge 6, preferably parallel to the longitudinal direction of the intermediate section 4 of the ramp. The spar 62 is used when the cantilever protrusions on the extreme inner section 3 of the ramp that would extend beyond the hinge 6 in the opposite direction, i.e. in the direction x of the weft section 4, the ramp is not provided. Each spar carries on its inner end, i.e. the end, located on the side of the swivel 6, is a kind of a support bearing or support console with a notch or hollow socket, forming a saddle-shaped stop 63 (sole or retainer pad), designed to accommodate
    0
    five
    LIA support and pushing force from each axle 58 of the movable head 57 of the power cylinder 53. A pair of such stopper saddle-shaped stop21
    The ditch is located symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal approximately mid-plane of the spar 62. The lugs are spaced from each other by a distance sufficient for the free end of the moving head 57 to pass between the two indicated stops, saddle-shaped lugs (Fig. 20).
    The relative position in the longitudinal direction of the saddle-shaped stop assembly 63 with respect to the intermediate section 4 of the ramp, the relative position and the curved length of the guide slots 61, as well as: the relative position and minimum full, the length of each actuator 53 in full The retracted, compressed, or retracted position is determined by self-locking (Fig. 19), when both sections 3 and 4 of the ramp are approximately mutually aligned and form a straight line with each other. In this case, each power cylinder 53 must be in its fully retracted position or in the position of maximum contraction so that its piston is at rest against the corresponding cover of the power cylinder 53. Trunnion 58 of each pushing movable head 57, therefore, goes out to the side sufficiently beyond the corresponding saddle-shaped lugs 63 in order to enter parallel guide plates 60, which are located outside on each side.
    FIG. The 18th and 19th upper level of the respective walkways of sections 3 and 4 of the ramp are shown by the dashed lines KK, M-M |. The walkways protrude as a canopy in their adjacent ends above the hinge 6 to provide a transition into the unfolded working position.
    Each stopper saddle-shaped stop 63 has the shape of a corner, the depression of which faces the extreme inner section of the ramp in the unfolded working position, and each saddle stop is connected to a locking knot, designed to block the axle 58 of the moving head 57 in the position where each axle lies in the recess of the corresponding locking saddle-like stop. Each blocking node has a holding element in the form of
    392
    22
    d 5 5


    0
    at least one arm, actuated from a control servomotor or a position regulator assembly, or a displacement device, and turning approximately in a perpendicular plane to the specified trunnion. This element, on the one hand, can be lowered before coming into contact with the stop at the end of its free edge, for example, in the form of a paired support, with a pin on the opposite surface opposite to the corresponding saddle-shaped stop for fixing the pin,: on the other hand, it can rise, Come on from the pin and thereby freeing it. Since in this case the movable pushing head 57 has two coaxial opposed axes 58 opposite to each other, intended to interact with two corresponding saddle-shaped supports 63, the corresponding locking means of these trunnions are combined into one common holding element from a part in the form of a fork 64 (or a yoke), which is approximately symmetrical with respect to the specified plane of symmetry of both saddle-shaped stops 63. Two of its approximately parallel ends 6 5, they form locking shoulders spaced apart from each other, depending on the distance between said saddle-shaped supports, so as to be respectively at approximately the level of the trunnions 58.
    The plug 64 is rotatably mounted on the transverse horizon. tal shaft 66, mounted in two fixed bearings 67 spar 62. The shaft is located above the saddle stops and is displaced in the longitudinal direction relative to the latter towards the innermost section 3 of the ramp in the unfolded working position of the ramp. The plug 64 is rotatably mounted on this shaft by means of a crank having a transverse part in the form of a tubular sleeve 68 mounted on the shaft 66. The sleeve 68 bears on itself a radial or similar shackle 69 forming the neck with which the fork 64 is connected to the servo-mechanism of rotation consisting of auxiliary linear, in particular hydraulic, syuvny
    -
    23
    D1 frame 70, reinforced on the spar 62 of the intermediate section 4 of the ramp. The auxiliary power cylinder 70 is hingedly connected, for example, with the crankshaft of its cylinder, with a bracket forming an earring 71 attached to the side member 62, and an outer end of its piston rod to an earring 69 attached to the vip; ke 64 in the vertical plane perpendicular Locally transverse shaft 66.
    The relative position of the plug 64 and the length of its ends 65 is set so as to ensure the brakes of the trunnions. The free end 65 of each fork has a concave arcuate recess 72 that repeats the curved side surface of the corresponding trunnion when the corresponding locking end 65 of the fork rests on the part of this side surface that is removed or retracted from the corresponding saddle stop 63; The plug 64 blocks or seizes (FIG. 19) the pins of the protruding head 57 at the entrance angle of the saddle-shaped supports, an ox action that is directed obliquely downwards and in the direction of the saddle-like supports near the bisector plane of the latter, impeding the lifting of the movable head 57, thus It is important to move away from the saddle-shaped supports.
    Automatic means of protection or protection against improper operations are installed on the intermediate section 4 of the ramp. They are designed to monitor, determine the position and to signal that the indicated locking units are at the end of turn, respectively, when locking and unlocking. These safety devices consist of limit or limit switches for unlocking 73 and locking 74, respectively, which can be activated separately by means of a corresponding locking pin, 75, connected to locking plug 64.
    Automatic means are also provided for controlling the position of the end of the stroke of the pushing movable head 57 of the power cylinder 53 relative to the stopper saddle-shaped stops 63, means of controlling the
    ten
    20
    25
    , 207
    s
    5) 30
    40
    J9224
    They are wired by a sensor or detector of the electromagnetic type 76, to which it is connected with the help of the following system or is controlled to control the operation of the said blocking means, i.e. Auxiliary ram 70, proximity sensor 76 (detector) mounted on spar 62 of ramp section 4 (Fig. 19) is placed slightly behind the saddle-shaped lugs 63 in the vertical plane symmetrically to the latter so as to opposite the space separating the saddle lugs and, consequently, opposite the moving head 57 of the power cylinder 53, when the head comes into contact with the saddle-shaped stops. This sensor 76 (detector) allows you to detect the presence and accurately determine the location of the movable push rod 57,
    One of the two sections 3 or h of the ramp, moreover, is equipped with means for detecting the end of the stroke with maximum unfolding of oj6o- their consecutive sections of the ramp when they serve as continuation of each other and are aligned. (Fig. 19) maximal reduction of the power cylinder 53 of self-braking, resting in this case against its internal mechanical stop. This forms a mechanical stop for the end of the stroke of the relative angular rotation of the two sections of the ramp relative to each other in the direction of unfolding. These detector means are formed by a limiting or limit electric switch (not shown in the drawing) mounted on the extreme surface of the spar 62 of section 4 of the ramp at the level of the extreme surface of the spar 9 of section 3 of the ramp. The switch can be actuated with a corresponding finger (not shown in the drawing) mounted on the side member 9 of the ramp section 3. An electrical switch when a finger acts on it in the position shown in FIG. 19 is intended to shut off the power supply to the power cylinder 53, i.e. shutting off a liquid or gas under pressure, or to prevent atop of normal nutrition.
    25
    The fixing and blocking units can be installed not only on the side longitudinal members on one side of the ramp, but also on the longitudinal side members of the ramp symmetrically to the middle vertical longitudinal plane of the ramp.
    Ship ramp works as follows.
    In the first embodiment (Fig. 3), the ramp is in position C, i.e. folded and fully raised vertically. In this position, the ramp is fixed at stops 51 (buffers) using a locking device 52, while sections 4 and 5 of the ramp are folded along section 3. To lower the ramp into the deployed working position, de-. blocking the locking device 52 to release the ramp, and the winches 11, which have automatic deceleration braking, are driven in the unwinding direction in order to relieve tension in the running cables 10 in order to give them slack as the ramp turns when lowering. If, in this case, the tilting moment under the force of gravity around the axis 8 of the hinge joint is not sufficient for the ramp to turn when it is lowered, the pushing cylinders 50 actuate and push the section 3 of the ramp in the direction of lowering, as a result of which movement begins.
    The relative deployment or raising of the ramp section 4 with section 5 is different, depending on the method of connecting each control cable 20 to the vessel. This control system is activated immediately after the tension of the cables 20, caused by the immobility reaction of the supports 23 (Fig. 1 and 3), or the stops of the upward movement of the counterweight weights 33 (Fig. 4), or the fastening points 37 (Fig. 5) when the power cylinder 36 is locked, or the mounting support points 39 (Fig. 6), when the spring power cylinders are blocked or have reached an elastic stress sufficient to begin the relative tilting of section 4 of the ramp.
    Starting from this moment and as section 3 of the ramp turns down,
    20739226
    This immobility reaction causes tension in each cable 20, which is sufficient for an even automatic lifting of sections 4 and 5, with full use of the potential energy of the ramp lowering under the force of gravity (intermediate position C of the ramp in FIG. 3). Extreme outer section 5, furthermore
    10 is raised either by the action of the power cylinders 27 (Fig. 3) or automatically with the help of cables 20, if they are fixed (Fig. 9-11, 13 and 15), respectively, at points 49
    15 of the ramp section 5 in order to cause it to overturn around its swivel 7.
    In position C of FIG. 3, the ramp 20 is supported by its outermost section 5 on berth 2. In this case, the swivel 8 connecting the ramp to the vessel 1 is located below the berth. In position C of Fig. 3 25, the ramp lies on quay 2 with the hinge 8 located above the quay. In these two cases, the outermost section 5 approaches the landing stage due to its indi- vidual control. At the end of the operation of lowering the ramp, the cables 20 of the relative unfolding of the sections can completely loosen.
    When swivel 8
    the ramp with the vessel is below berth 2 (position C, in Fig. 3), the probe 43 comes into contact with the berth and actuates the traveling winch 11 in the direction of the rig to lift section 3 in order to avoid the danger of its direct support to the berth . On the contrary, if the hinge connection 8 of the ramp with the vessel is located above berth 2 (position C in Fig. 3), angle sensor 44 located on section 4 of the ramp takes effect upon contact with section 3 of the ramp to control the winch 11c
    the purpose of adjusting the angle between these two sections is to achieve leveling or optimal incline of the ramp. The probe 43 and the sensor 44 act in this way automatically
    and separately. The probe 43 is always triggered before the sensor 44, i.e. if the probe 43 is triggered, then the sensor 44 is idle or inactive27
    nominal position, but if the sensor 44 is triggered, then the probe 43
    When the support pressure of section 4 of the ramp on section 5, and hence section 5 of berth 2 reaches the upper limit, the probe 43 is activated and activates the hydraulic power cylinders 38 or winches 41 to exert enough ycHsmn tension on the cables 20 to reduce the reference ramp pressure on the berth (Figures 5 and 7). This transfers part of the weight and load of sections 4 and 5 to the hardware; ai pas section 3 by means of pulleys 25 and 19 of the polyspasts and running cables 10 to KOTopbiM, section 4 of the ramps is suspended at its outer end at point q. This load transfer can occur automatically by means of counterbalance ballasts 42 (FIG. 8)
    In the embodiment of the ramp shown in Figs 9-16, the cables 20 are pulled by weights-ballasts 22 (Fig. 17). In position B, at which the ramp is folded and fully raised vertically, each load ballast 33 is in an intermediate position at point A, between, between the extreme lower level, formed by the surface of the deck 13 ,, and the extreme upper level, formed by the fixed stop 47 of the end of the course during the ascent. The operation of the device according to this variant is approximately the same as its operation according to the first embodiment (FIG. 3).
    The load of the cargo ballast (Fig. 4 varies depending on the relative position of the ramp as the latter moves, while entering the contact of the counterweight 33 with the abutment 36 causes the ramp to be automatically deployed and relatively raised, thus at the beginning of the movement (Fig .17) lowering the ramp on each counterweight 46, the weight of which is insufficient to lift the sections of the ramp, respectively intermediate 4 and outer outer 5, is affected by the corresponding gadget cable 20, as a result of which it rises until it comes into contact with the fixed stop 47 of the stroke with the paddle.At the same time, section 3 of the ramp reaches the intermediate position BIN, tilted at an angle of 20 to the vertical.
    ten
    15
    20
    25
    thirty
    35
    40
    four/;
    50
    5: 5
    39228
    That and as the section 3 of the ramp rotates downward, the reaction of the immobility of the lugs 47 causes tension in each cable 20, sufficient for the gradual automatic lifting of sections 3 and 4 of the ramp.
    By the end of the movement and lowering. deploying the ramp counterweights 46 begin to fall and the income t to the lowest position A, when annapejib rests in position B 2 on berth 2, located above the hinge 8 ramp with vessel 1, or returns to the position of intermediate level A, which is higher than the original position A, when the ramp rests on position B on quay 2, located below the specified hinge 8. When the intermediate section 4 of the ramp is deployed or raised, the outermost section of the ramp 5 rotates around its in the direction of relative lift due to the effect of cables 20 directly on section 5 by means of support points 49 on this section 5. At the end of the ramp lowering operation, cables 20 can be completely loosened if, in this lowered position, each counterweight 46 can rest on a fixed base provided at the final level reached by the corresponding counterweight.
    FIG. 15 and 16 show the position of the probe and the sensor 43 and 44 in the case that the hinged connection 8 of the ramp with the vessel is located below the pier 2; in fig. 11 and 12 show the corresponding position in the case where the hinge connection 8 is located close to the level of the surface of the pier 2; FIG. 13 and 14 shows the position of the probe and the sensor 43 and 44 when the hinged connection 8 on the vessel 1 is located higher than the surface of the berth 2, and the sensor 44 mounted on the section 4 of the ramp, INPUT11T at this moment in contact with the cantilever protrusion - the shoulder 45 of the section 3 ramps. The sequence of work and the sequence of operation of the probe and sensor are the same as in the first embodiment.
    In both of the above options, the execution of the operation, and the warehouses29
    Vani ramp occurs in reverse order. When using the lanyards 22 on the cables 20, the tension of the cables to relieve the support pressure of the ramp on berth 2 can be done by using these tarpaulins by manually acting on the tension coupling of the latter.
    During the angular movement of the ramp by 20 ° relative to the fully raised vertical position of section 4 and 5, the ramp does not move relative to section 3 of the ramp.
    The fixing units of sections 3 and 4 at the intermediate position of the ramp (Fig. 18) during the insertion into the working position work as follows.
    When the ramp is lowered, turned into the working position and rests on the berth with its outermost section 5, the power cylinders 53 are simultaneously supplied with liquid or gas under pressure in such a way as to cause the outflow of the rods 56, their pistons until the mobile pushing heads 57 With each of the pins 59 in the saddle-shaped lugs 53 When each movable pushing head 57 takes its correct position of self-braking in relation to the saddle-shaped supports, the proximity sensor 76 (detector), connected in series with tsevym electrical switch 74, controls the position and points, -, h; The movable pushing head 57 did indeed correctly fit into the sockets of the saddle-like stops. Therefore, the objective of this proximity sensor (detector) is to eliminate or inhibit the premature action of the locking plug 64 before the mobile push rod 57 reaches its correct locking position. At this point, each locking fork 64 is initially raised to an inactive unlocked position due to the effects of an auxiliary ram 70, which continues to receive a supplying liquid or gas under pressure in order to keep its piston rod in an elongated position. In this case, this power cylinder is only for
    207392
    unblocking operations and therefore can only be a simple operation. The initial unlocked position of the plug 64 is marked with an end-to-fifth electric switch 73 actuated by a finger 75.
    An auxiliary power cylinder 70 is engaged to block the movable push head 57.
    10 deblocking to the pumping position for emptying it from a liquid or gas under pressure, as a result of which the locking plug 64 falls under the force of its own gravity
    ) 5 weights, turning smiling down around
    shaft 66 until its ends 65 are looser on pin 58, encompassing the adjacent hollow ends of the plug. During this rotational movement, when blocked, the finger 75, which is permanently connected to the plug 64, acts on the end switch 74, which in this case signals that
    25 that self-braking is done correctly. After that, the winch winches are activated, which are adjusted to hold the wiring cables 10 under approximately constant tension during the loading operation of the goods being transported to limit the pressure on the pier. The relative deployment control cables 20 can be left almost without tension.
    35 or be weakened during loading or unloading operations.
    During the raising and folding of the ramp, these operations occur in reverse order. Therefore, in the auxiliary deblocking power cylinders 70, liquid or gas is first supplied under pressure in order to lift the deblocking forks 64. In this case, the release of the mobile pusher
    heads 57. In this case, the limiting electrical switches 73 are checked using fingers 75 to properly unlock these
    50 plugs and then allow the execution of subsequent cc operations involving sequential power supply to the power cylinders 53 of self-braking double action
    55 in the direction of retracting the rods 56, their pistons, the pusher heads 57 of which move in this case from the saddle stops 63, and in pos30
    31
    The following effects on the drive winches for raising and folding the ramp.
    When the auxiliary power cylinder 70 exhausts as a result of its piston rod coming out, it rotates the plug 64 clockwise (Fig. 19), lifting the ends 65, in order to withdraw them respectively from the trunnions 58, while cutting or w The driver of the power cylinder 70 connects the ends 65 of the forks to lower and abut against the brakes 58. The latter are thus fixed on their respective saddle-shaped stops 63.
    In the raised position (FIG. 19), the limit switch is actuated from the corresponding pin, thus causing the pumping mode of each power cylinder 53 to self-apply, as the power cylinder in this case slides through a mechanical stop for the intermediate section 4. In the locked position, self-braking Each self-braking power unit 53 and its mechanical locking system with plug 64 provides a permanent link between both sections 3 and 4, which in this case act as TKA beam. The proposed ramp is characterized by simplicity of operation: only one or two winches are used, the use of two winches being more profitable, even using one double-drum winch, since in this case it is possible to work with only one of the two winches at half speed in particular case of failure of the other winch.
    The change in the level difference between the vessel and the berth caused by the ebb and flow and change in the ship's displacement during the operation of the proposed ramp is automatically compensated. There is no need for a constant energy source to control the intermediate and extreme third sections of the ramp, while in most of the known systems one or more electric winches are provided to control these sections above the same hydraulic cylinders, necessitating the use of accessory equipment cables and pipelines, and
    5 sockets for accommodating power generators for their operation.
    The hinge joints between the various sections of the ramp remain free, which ensures just an automatic compensation of the differences in the berth height relative to the vessel.
    Raising the outermost section during its approach to the pier
    15, in order to avoid damage due to jamming, is also carried out automatically.
    The end of each control cable is movable due to the relative loosening on the vessel due to the mobility of the respective counterweight used, as a result of which the elimination or sampling of the slack in these cables is provided at the beginning
    25 and at the end of the operation.
    The extreme inner section of the ramp is used to control both of the other intermediate and outer sections during the lowering movement. In
    The 3Q rise time of the ramp to its vertical position, the laying of the potential energy of sections 4 and 5 of the ramp helps to lift the innermost section 3, thus easing the effort on the winch and chassis
    35 cables.
    In the lowered working position of the ladder, the extreme inner section is permanently suspended on its running cables, as a result of which it does not
     leans on two other sections 4
    and 5 ramps, and section 4 is simply supported by its swivel 6 on section 3.
    During operation of the proposed ramp
    4S it is possible to selectively adjust its bearing pressure on the berth by transferring part of the weight and load of the intermediate section of the ramp to the inner section 3 and then to the running tracks (if the control cables are attached respectively to the vessel) or hydraulic variable pressure cylinders or hydraulic electric winches
    55 with a constant cable tension, or a manual control clip, or using counterweights.
    but
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    26
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    20 Sf M
    25 J
    2t 14 / 15lit 32 15 I / L / / / /
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    20 21 32
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    FIG. 12
    g {32
    FIG. 15
    V3
    FIG. sixteen
    28
    FIG. YU
    bg
    ff3 58 65 67
    L / /
    63 64 67 60
    FIG. 20
    53 59 55
    Editor N.Egorova
    Compiled In, Old
    Tehred A. Babinets Corrector O. Lugov
    Order 8744/61 Circulation 442 Subscription
    VNIIGSh of the USSR State Committee
    for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., d. 4/5
    Branch ShSh Patent, Uzhgorod, Project St.; four
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. SHIP'S APPAREL, containing three sections articulated at adjacent ends of the section, the first of which is the leading one, pivotally connected to the hull of the vessel by means of the horizontal axis, and the second, intermediate, section is made by mating with the lower wall of the first section, the turning unit of the first, leading section around the horizontal an axis including at least one lifting winch mounted on the ship’s hull opposite the support mast with running cables connected to it, connected through the main guide blocks to the first, leading, section, and also a turning unit around the horizontal axis of the second intermediate section relative to the first driving section, including control cables stocked on the main guide pulleys mounted on the cantilevered protrusions of one of the first two sections and offset relative to the hinge axis of the ends of these sections, characterized in in order to increase operational reliability and reduce energy costs, it is equipped with an automatic tensioning unit for control cables of a turning unit around a horizontal axis of the second, intermediate section relative to the first leading section mounted on the hull behind the lifting winch, kinematically connected to the running ends of the control cables and including the locking elements of the working stroke of the ends of the control cables, while one of the two sections is equipped with at least one mounted on it with an additional guide pulley, and the control cables are sequentially stored through the main guide pulleys and an additional guide pulley of the cantilevered protrusions of one section and, respectively, enno adjacent thereto of another section, forming with these basic and optional chain hoist pulleys and other indigenous fixed ends on one of the outer first and third sections, the first, leading and. the second, intermediate, sections are equipped with a unit for fixing their working position relative to one another.
    [2]
    2. The ramp according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic tensioning unit for the control cables includes ballast weights attached to the respective running ends of the control cables of the second, intermediate, section relative to the first, leading section, and the locking elements of the working stroke of the running ends of the control the cables are made in the form of stops fixed on the support mast, with which ballast weights are made to be interfaced.
    [3]
    3. The ramp according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic tensioning unit of the control cables contains winches with brakes mounted on a support mast.
    [4]
    4. The ramp according to claim. ^, Characterized in that the knot of the automatic tension of the control cables contains spring power cylinders with pistons and rods equipped with blocks reinforced at their free ends, each spring. The IE of the power cylinders is coupled with a 1 C ”piston mounted for movement in the cylinder and fastened to the rod, and the control cables are inserted through the blocks at the free ends of the rods and attached at their ends to the support mast.
    ''
    [5]
    5. The ramp according to claim 1, wherein the unit: automatic tension of control cables contains hydraulic, power cylinders with pistons and rods having blocks at their free ends through which control cables are connected, attached at their ends to the support mast.
    [6]
    6. The ramp according to paragraphs. 1-5, wherein the cantilevered protrusions are made at the end of the second, intermediate, section on both sides thereof, conjugated with the end of the first, leading section, and the second, intermediate, section is equipped with counterweights mounted on its cantilevered protrusions while the cantilevered protrusions are made mating with the upper wall of the first, leading section.
    [7]
    7. The ramp according to paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the first, leading, section is equipped with additional guide blocks mounted under it, placed on both sides of it, and the main guide blocks of the first, leading, sections are located in two groups behind the additional guide blocks and are offset from the latter the second, intermediate, section, while the running cable is connected at one end to one lifting winch, sequentially stored through one auxiliary guide blocks with which the support mast is equipped, through one gr PPU of the main guide blocks of the first, leading, section and forms the first chain block, then it is passed sequentially through additional guide blocks, bends around them from the sides under the first, leading, section, is sequentially stored through the second group of main guide blocks and other auxiliary blocks, which it is equipped with supporting mast, and forms a second chain hoist, with the other end it is brought to another lifting winch.
    [8]
    8. The ramp according to paragraphs. 1-5, wherein the main guide pulleys are mounted on cantilever protrusions made at the end of the first, leading section, adjacent to the end of the second, intermediate section, and the additional guide pulley is mounted on the second 3 intermediate section, in this case, each control cable is sequentially stocked through the main and additional guide pulleys, forming a chain hoist, and attached with its root end to the upper part of the third, extreme section, and the cantilevered protrusions are interfaced with the upper wall cage section.
    [9]
    9. The ramp according to paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the main guide pulleys are mounted on cantilevered protrusions made at the end of the intermediate section adjacent to the end of the first, leading section, and an additional guide pulley is mounted on the first, leading section, with each control cable stocked sequentially through the main and additional guide pulleys, forming a chain hoist, and attached with its root end to the first, leading, section.
    [10]
    10. The ramp according to paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the unit for fixing the working position of the first, leading, and second, intermediate sections, one relative to the other, contains a hydraulic power cylinder with a rod articulated at its end by means of a horizontal axis at the end of the first, leading, section adjacent with the end of the second, intermediate, section, while the rod of this hydraulic power cylinder is equipped with a head mounted at its free end with at least one journal located perpendicular to the axis of the rod, the first, leading section is provided fixed in its upper part at the end adjacent to the second, intermediate, section, guide plates made with slots in which the ends of the journal are placed, and the second, intermediate, section is made at the end adjacent to the end of the first, leading, section, with saddle-shaped stops, mating with the pin, the latter being equipped with a locking unit for its working position on the saddle-shaped stops, and the power hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a control system.
    [11]
    11. The ramp according to claim 10, wherein the locking unit for the working position on the stops of the axle pins of the power hydraulic cylinder contains a fork pivotally attached via a horizontal axis to the end of the second, intermediate section adjacent to the end of the first, leading section with a cutout, a crank kinematically connected, with a fork and mounted with the possibility of rotation on the same axis with this fork, as well as an auxiliary syl cylinder with its control system, hinged at its end by means of a horizontal axis on the adjacent end of the second, intermediate, section and kinematically connected with the crank, while the walls of the cutout in the fork are made to be mated with a pin, the fork is equipped with a finger fixed to it and limit electric switches to lock and unlock its working position on the pin mounted on the adjacent end of the second, intermediate , sections and mating plugs with a finger, and the head of the stem of the hydraulic power cylinder is equipped with an electric sensor for monitoring the working position of the stem axle in saddle-shaped stops, fit ovannyh also adjacent the second end, an intermediate section, said limit switches electrically locking and unlocking an electrical sensor and control circuits connected to the control systems of the auxiliary power cylinder unit lock and correspondingly force the hydraulic cylinder assembly fixing the first and second sections.
    [12]
    12. The ramp according to paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the leading section is equipped with at least one power cylinder of its initial movement and a group of fixed stops mounted on the ship's hull and mating with the leading section.
    Priority on points: 06/28/72 for paragraphs. 1-10;
    May 29, 73 11 and 12.
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    SU1207392A3|1986-01-23|Ship ramp
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NO145535C|1982-04-14|
    NO801946L|1974-03-15|
    DD108946A5|1974-10-12|
    AU5734573A|1975-01-09|
    GB1441464A|1976-06-30|
    NL7309006A|1974-01-02|
    FI59760B|1981-06-30|
    DE2332511C3|1985-04-25|
    FR2231597A2|1974-12-27|
    NL175982B|1984-09-03|
    NL8007055A|1981-04-29|
    SE7609767L|1976-09-03|
    JPS4985784A|1974-08-16|
    DK142900B|1981-02-23|
    FR2231597B2|1977-12-23|
    DE7323734U|1979-01-04|
    NO145535B|1982-01-04|
    NO144998B|1981-09-14|
    AU473622B2|1976-06-24|
    FI59760C|1986-12-16|
    DK142900C|1981-09-28|
    DE2332511B2|1980-01-17|
    SE433065B|1984-05-07|
    NL175982C|1985-02-01|
    DE2332511A1|1974-01-10|
    NO144998C|1981-12-28|
    ES416373A1|1976-05-01|
    SE400065B|1978-03-13|
    JPS5725438B2|1982-05-29|
    IT989399B|1975-05-20|
    US3846860A|1974-11-12|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR7223373A|FR2190707B1|1972-06-28|1972-06-28|
    FR7319511A|FR2231597B2|1972-06-28|1973-05-29|
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